Archive for February, 2008
history of horse jumping
history of horse jumping
A Brief History of Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a graceful and artistic sport that requires a combination of strength, balance, agility, and muscle coordination, usually performed on specialized apparatus. Gymnasts perform sequences of movements requiring flexibility, endurance, and kinesthetic awareness, such as handsprings, handstands, split leaps, aerials and cartwheels.
Gymnastics as we know it dates back to ancient Greece. The early Greeks practiced gymnastics to prepare for war. Activities like jumping, running, discus throwing, wrestling, and boxing helped develop the muscles needed for hand-to-hand combat. Additional fitness practices used by the ancient Greeks included methods for mounting and dismounting a horses and a variety of circus performance skills.
Gymnastics became a central component of ancient Greek education and was mandatory for all students. Gymnasia, buildings with open-air courts where the training took place, evolved into schools where gymnastics, rhetoric, music, and mathematics were taught. The ancinet Olympic Games were born near this time.
As the Roman Empire ascended, Greek gymnastics for was more or less turned into military training. In 393 AD the Emperor Theodosius abolished the Olympic Games completely. The games had become corrupt, and gymnastics, along with other sports declined. For centuries, gymnastics was all but forgotten.
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries two pioneer physical educators, Johann Friedrich GutsMuth and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn created exercises for boys and young men on sseveral apparatus they had designed. This innovation ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. As a result, Friedrich Jahn became known as the "father of gymnastics". Jahn introduced the horizontal bar, parallel bars, side horse with pommels, balance beam, ladder, and vaulting horse.
In the early nineteenth century, educators in the United States followed suit and adopted German and Swedish gymnastics training programs. By the early twentieth century, the armed services began publishing drill manuals featuring all manner of gymnastic exercises. According to the US Army Manual of Physical Drill, these important drills provided proper instruction for the bodies of active young men.
As time went by, however, military activity moved away from hand-to-hand combat and toward fighter planes and contemporary computer-controlled weapons. As a result of the development of modern warfare, gymnastics training as the mind and body connection, so important for the Greek, German, and Swedish educational traditions, began to lose force. Gymnastics once again took on the aura of being a competitive sport.
By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics was popular enough to be included in the first modern Olympic Games held in 1896. The sport was a little different from what we currently know as gymnastics however. Up until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises the modern gymnast may find a bit odd such as synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder just to name a few.
Women first started to participate in gymnastics events in the 1920s and the first women's Olympic competition was held in the 1928 Games in Amsterdam, although the only event was synchronized calisthenics. Combined exercises for women were first held in 1928, and the 1952 Olympics featured the first full regime of events for women.
By the 1954 Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and scoring standards, including a point system from 1 to 10, were implemented.
Modern Men's gymnastics events are scored on an individual and team basis, and presently include the floor exercise, horizontal bar, parallel bars, rings, pommel horse, vaulting, and the all-around, which combines the scores of the other six events.
Women's gymnastic events include balance beam, uneven parallel bars, combined exercises, floor exercises, vaulting, and rhythmic sportive gymnastics.
Until 1972, gymnastics for men emphasized power and strength, while women performed routines focused on grace of movement. That year, however, a 17-year-old Soviet gymnast named Olga Korbut captivated a television audience with her innovative and explosive routines.
Nadia Comaneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Olympic Games held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached by the famous Romanian, Bela Karolyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Nadia will always be remembered as "a fourteen year old, ponytailed little girl" who showed the world that perfection could be achieved.
Mary Lou Retton became America's sweethart with her two perfect scores and her gold medal in the All-Around competition in front of the home crowd in the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.
These days gymnastics is a household name and many children participate in gymnastics at one time or another as they grow up. Olga Korbut, Nadia Comaneci, and Mary Lou Retton, along with all those gymnasts since, have helped popularize women's competitive gymnastics, making it one of the most watched Olympic events. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent.
About the Author
Denise Villani is an author and the webmaster of several websites and article directories. Find more articles and information on gymnastics at
Gymnastics-Stuff.com.
Isobel jumping Barney: A new feat in horse-jumping history!
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Billy Barton by TIME Magazine. Size 11.00 X 14.00 Art Poster Print
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DescriptionBilly Barton by TIME Magazine.Total Size : 11.00 inches width by 14.00 inches height.This is the Highest Quality Art Print Reproduction of the Original Work. Fully Authorized by the Artist. OnlineWall is the worlds best quality art print, poster and framing store with over 25 years custom framing experience our quality of art prints cannot be beat . |
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Billy Barton by TIME Magazine. Size 11.00 X 14.00 Art Poster Print on Canvas
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DescriptionCanvas Transfer of Billy Barton by TIME Magazine.Total Size : 11.00 inches width by 14.00 inches height.Ready to hang Transfer Stretched on Canvas with 3/4 inch deep bars, with Gallery Wrap method (image wraps around the edge, and continues back toward the wall)... |
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Billy Barton by TIME Magazine. Size 8.00 X 10.00 Art Poster Print
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DescriptionBilly Barton by TIME Magazine.Total Size : 8.00 inches width by 10.00 inches height.This is the Highest Quality Art Print Reproduction of the Original Work. Fully Authorized by the Artist. OnlineWall is the worlds best quality art print, poster and framing store with over 25 years custom framing experience our quality of art prints cannot be beat . |
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The Complete Guide to Endurance Riding and Competition (Howell reference books) List Price: Sale Price: $23.46 Average Rating: |
DescriptionFirst Star to the Right and Straight on Till Morning.... At the 90-mile vet check she sat in the middle of the road crying, claiming extreme illness and trying to avoid her nightmarish fears her horse would die of founder or colic, or anything... |
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Black Beauty - The Autobiography of a Horse List Price: |
DescriptionThe story is told in the first person (or "first horse") as an autobiographical memoir told by a American Saddlebred horse named Black Beauty—beginning with his carefree days as a colt on an English farm, to his difficult life pulling cabs in London, to his happy retirement in the country... |
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On the Fence: A Parent's Handbook of Horseback Riding (Howell Equestrian Library) List Price: Sale Price: $17.99 Average Rating: |
DescriptionUnless you're familiar with the sport, you're probably intimidated! This practical book helps you get your child off to a positive start. It answers your questions, helps you avoid common pitfalls, shows you how to get your child into the saddle without saddling yourself with debt, and helps you ensure that your child has a rewarding, enjoyable experience... |
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101 Jumping Exercises for Horse & Rider $26.95 101 Jumping Exercises for Horse & Rider |
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Horse Play Show Jumping Set $21.74 Horse Play Show Jumping Set |
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Horse Jumping Keepsake Box $25 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Mousepad $13 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Infant Bodysuit $15 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Bib $12 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Kids Hoodie $25 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Kids Sweatshirt $22.5 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Sweatshirt $30 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Hooded Sweatshirt $35 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Jr. Hoodie $30 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Large Mug $18 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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Horse Jumping Baseball Jersey $22 This horse jumping stick figure design will make a great gift for the equestrian! |
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equestrian w/jumping horse Sweatshirt $30 - equestrian - in elegant text with jumping horse silhouette |
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equestrian w/jumping horse Stein $20 - equestrian - in elegant text with jumping horse silhouette |
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equestrian w/jumping horse Mousepad $13 - equestrian - in elegant text with jumping horse silhouette |
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equestrian w/jumping horse Bib $12 - equestrian - in elegant text with jumping horse silhouette |
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Horse Sports #1 - Jumping $3.32 ISBN-13: 9781933343877 ISBN-10: 1933343877 Title: Horse Sports #1 - Jumping. Author: Pony. |
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horse breeding contract
horse breeding contract
Pet Health Insurance - Akc
You either love them or you hate them, the members, breeders, and owners who are affiliated with the American Kennel Club. Puppies who are registered with the American Kennel Club are the aristocracy of the dog world, granted entry into the finest clubs and most exclusive clubs. The breeds not recognized by the American Kennel Club or dogs that are of a mixed ancestry often feel like outsiders or commoners.
For all the hoopla surrounding the American Kennel Club only members actually seem to know what it really is.
The American Kennel Club is the largest registry of purebred dogs in the entire world. In 2006 there were over nine hundred thousand dogs registered with the American Kennel Club. In addition to registering dogs the American Kennel Club also host several large shows including the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show (it is actually older then the kennel club) and the AKC/Eukanuba National Championships.
The American Kennel Club has been registering puppies for over one hundred and twenty-two years. In 2006 the AKC signed a contract with the pet stores Petland but later rescinded the offer after a flurry of controversy.
In addition to hosting dog show and overseeing the registration of hundreds of thousands of dogs each year the American Kennel Club also takes an active interest in canine health research. Some dog owners are familiar with their current advertising campaign promoting their commitment to healthy dogs.
Because the American Kennel Club realizes that the high cost of veterinary care can be difficult for many dog owners to afford they now offer AKC pet health insurance.
The American Kennel Club Healthcare Plan is designed to help offset the high cost of Veterinary treatments, surgery, and prescriptions.
On the American Kennel Club website they have a list of claims that have recently been paid to dog owners who have purchased an AKC pet health care plan. These claims included a $2,600.00 doller claim for poison toadstools, for a recent case of bee stings they paid a claim of $2,200, and the owners of a dog that was bitten by a snake received a check for 1,262, $2,000 for an intestinal resection, and $2,800 paid out for a ruptured ligament. The biggest claim currently listed on the website is for a ruptured vertebral disc that would have cost the owners an additional $3,329 out of their pockets.
The American Kennel Club estimates that the average daily cost of a healthcare plan for your dog is approximately sixty-eight cents a day (this is based on the Essential plan's annual price). You can pick from four different types of healthcare insurance plans, you have a variety of wellness options you can choose from that will help cover dental cleaning, shots, and checkup. Applying for the insurance is supposed to be easy and you can choose to pay monthly or yearly. You get to continue to use you very own veterinarian. The American Kennel Club also offers coverage for cats. One of the really nice features about the AKC pet healthcare coverage is the sixty-day complimentary trail period.
About the Author
Information on fish facts can be found at the Animals Facts site.
A Shiner Named Sioux
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clothes horse tack
clothes horse tack
What are you asking for for Christmas?
i've noticed that a lot of horse people tend to ask for things for their horses for christmas... lol. like my trainer, who's still in college, wants a pair of big, fancy clippers. i asked for new show clothes for the upcoming 4H season. my horsey friends are asking for tack and horse clothes too. are you all asking for horse stuff for christmas too?
Lilian, just because I didn't focus on what i'm going to be giving doesn't mean i'm not giving a lot! i don't have too many horsey friends and no horsey relatives, so then it wouldn't make sense to talk about that here. my question was how many horse riders are asking for horse things for christmas. i'm having a very small christmas this year due to financial stuff, but i am giving just as much as i usually do. so please don't judge me without knowing everything.
what i want,she was deported
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gypsy horse forum
gypsy horse forum
video du forum passion irish
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2011 Gypsy Vanner Horse Wall Calendar $9.48 2011 Gypsy Vanner Horse Wall Calendar |
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Gypsy Vanner Horse 2009 Calendar $12.48 The Gypsy Vanner is a beautiful and rare new breed of horse created over the last 50 years to be colorful enough to match the European Gypsy's caravan. This highly feathered breed truly looks as if it is flying as it runs and Mark J. Barrett captures the breed's elegance remarkably. |
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